String input/output

In C programming, strings are represented as arrays of characters. Each character in the string is stored in consecutive memory locations, and the end of the string is marked by the null character '\0'. C does not have a built-in string data type like some other programming languages, but it provides a set of functions from the standard library to handle strings.

Here's how you can perform input/output operations with strings in C:

Input a String:

To input a string from the user, you can use the scanf() function with a format specifier %s. However, be cautious when using scanf() to read strings, as it can cause buffer overflow if the input string is larger than the size of the destination buffer.

Input a Line of Text:

To input a line of text (including spaces), you should use the fgets() function. It is safer than scanf() for reading strings because you can specify the size of the buffer to avoid buffer overflow.

Output a String:

To output a string, you can use the printf() function with the %s format specifier.

Remember that in C, strings are null-terminated, so the array containing the string must have enough space to hold the characters and the terminating null character. Always make sure to properly manage the size of the buffer to avoid buffer overflows and undefined behavior.